Implementing cryptocurrency payments into a small business venture can have numerous advantages for both the business and its customers. Using cryptocurrencies as a payment method lowers fees, makes transactions faster, and allows anonymous payments.

This article will go over how to implement cryptocurrencies into your small business's day-to-day operations. It goes beyond just making payments with Bitcoin, as there's much more that cryptocurrencies can offer a small business owner. Small businesses should also lean into the unique features the payments provide to the customers, as they need to compete for every potential customer, often against much bigger companies.

Accept Bitcoin Payments

 When small business owners learn to make money with Bitcoin, they usually start by simply providing the same services and goods but allow users to pay for them with crypto. It has many benefits for both the business and the consumer.

Payments made with Bitcoin are faster, safer, and can be made without providing personal information. It also helps small businesses position themselves in the market as a business that is open to crypto users – a younger and more affluent demographic.

Discounts for Crypto Users

One of the ways to implement the use of a new payment option is to link it with a discount. 

The discount can be limited based on the amount that's being transferred, a specific set of products or services, or a one-time payment. It can also be limited to a set time while the business is transitioning to crypto payments.

The cost of these discounts can be offset by the lower cost of transfers that come with using Bitcoin, but also with increased interest and a new customer base. 

It's also important to take into account that the value of cryptocurrencies fluctuates and can affect the discount value.

Crypto in a Physical Location

This option is often overlooked as crypto payments are first and foremost associated with online payments. However, crypto ATMs are a useful feature and a way for businesses based in physical locations to implement them organically.

This allows customers to buy cryptocurrencies with cash or sell their digital assets for fiat currency. As is the case with any other business based on a physical location, the key feature to consider is the location itself. If the company is located in an area where there's a need for this service, it will do well.

 Launching an ICO

 If your business is offering a unique service or a product, one of the ways to finance it and earn money is to create an ICO that will stand for fractal ownership of that product. ICO stands for Initial Coin Offering, and in essence, businesses create their crypto coin that will represent ownership over a certain asset.

This is a complex process, and businesses should go into it only if they've already built a community of users around their business. It should be done with proper legal guidance and based on a solid whitepaper that goes over objectives, technology, tokenomics, roadmap, team members, and legal considerations.

Implement Blockchain Technology

 Blockchain technology can have a lot of uses for a small business. Terms of the contract between a user and a business can be written into the contract. That way, the payments made between them are automated and completed as soon as the set terms are met.

It can be used to automate the process when it comes to agreements and transactions, supply chain management, or digital identity verification. For a small business, streamlining all of these processes reduces the cost of running a company, and for a user, it makes the interaction with the business smoother and faster.

Blockchain-Based Loyalty Programs

 Loyalty programs are based on a simple proposition – the users, clients, and customers who are loyal to a small business are rewarded for it with discounts and special offers. The loyalty program can come in many different forms – businesses often offer points for each purchase a customer makes. These points can later be traded for discounts or access to limited goods or services.

Blockchain can play a role in setting up such a system, as it can automate it and make it more transparent for all the parties involved. Transfers made with blockchain are part of an immutable ledger, and they can be automated to make the loyalty program instant.

Donations Made in Crypto

 Bitcoin can be used to make any payments; otherwise, it can be made with fiat money. 

One of the best ways small businesses can create a meaningful community around their customer base is to take part in charitable efforts and accept donations.

Using cryptocurrencies to make donations comes with the same benefits you would get from making purchases this way. The payments are faster, more secure, and less expensive. Many small businesses also let their users and customers choose the charitable causes the company will donate to.

Paying Suppliers or Employees

 Small businesses haven't started paying their employees in crypto in large numbers, although large companies are already doing so. A good way to implement the use of crypto gradually is for businesses to try to pay a portion of their salaries in fiat money and a portion in Bitcoin.

When it comes to paying suppliers, the practice is more common. It allows the payments to be automated, and blockchain makes supply chain management more transparent and less labour-intensive.

Affiliate Programs 

Affiliate programs are a common marketing technique for small companies. They are used to reward customers and clients that bring in new business. The rewards can come in many different shapes and sizes, but they are usually some form of discount or access to special offers.

An affiliate program can be used to bring in customers who will use cryptocurrencies as a payment option. It's especially useful for businesses that are trying to build up a base of users that commonly use cryptocurrencies. The rewards can be discounts, just as with fiat money, or they can be actual crypto payments.

Educate the Customers

It may seem like a complicated and expensive endeavour, but in the long run, educating potential customers and users about the use of crypto goes a long way. 

The technology is no longer new, and cryptocurrencies have a mainstream appeal. It's just a matter of showing that to your customers.

At the same time, small business owners should make sure that they are educated about the latest developments in crypto. It's important to keep following the industry news and to do so from respectable sources.

Conclusion

 Small businesses can benefit from introducing cryptocurrencies to their day-to-day business practices. There are plenty of users out there, and Bitcoin is now widely used by mainstream financial institutions. Introducing crypto to your business also opens it up to a new set of clients and customers who are used to making payments this way.

There are many ways to do it, starting from introducing it as a payment method, paying salaries and suppliers with crypto, and providing affiliate and marketing programs for those who use it. Businesses can also use blockchain technology to automate payments and make them more transparent.

Below, Finance Monthly kicks off this week with Rob Brockington from Pipster on the ICO ‘train’ damaging the reputation of blockchain, one of industry 4.0s biggest innovations.

When the trading industry experienced the ICO boom in January this year, amongst all the excitement there was a huge increase in available Altcoins. This surge in brand-new tradable ‘coins’ and the demand for them changed the trading landscape. Crypto exchanges such as Binance, Coinbase, BiTFinex and Kraken enabled a world-wide audience gold-rushing to the next big Bitcoin. Each of these relatively new exchanges, ideally positioned to help facilitate the speculators and investors, became key players within a booming sector of the industry worth billions almost overnight.

As unregulated exchanges, obligations for risk-control and customer-care were literally non-existent. Basic KYC (Know Your Customer) procedure was limited if at all practiced, which meant that swarms of uneducated retail investors were throwing money into ‘Blockchain-related’ investments with reckless abandon. A significant proportion of investment was sunk not only within ‘coins’ and ‘tokens’ that were market-ready and currently traded but towards proposed altcoins and technologies that existed only in the form of a white-paper. Many naive consumers were effectively scammed by dodgy entities and classic bucket-shop/pyramid schemes. The press naturally reported on these shady dealings and outright theft, branding ICO’s as by-and-large dangerous and risky.

Compounding this matter, even the more reputable exchanges experienced hacks and security leaks, which dealt further damage to the credibility and investability of the legitimate blockchain-related businesses and ICO’s. In fairness most exchanges responded very quickly to clean up their act and develop their protocols. However as they weren’t and still remain unregulated in most parts of the world, local authorities and enforcement agencies have had to get involved. Naturally, ICO’s, cryptocurrency and subsequently other Blockchain-related investments came under greater scrutiny. But to blame blockchain technology for organisational failings in centralised exchanges or poorly structured white-paper proposals is missing the point. To use a simple analogy, you can’t blame the existence and manufacturers of knives for knife crime. But you can legislate for it (enforcing businesses not to sell to minors or youngsters without ID) and to raise awareness to aid and prevent further potential victims. Tricksters and thieves will always go where the money is and the authorities ain’t. Similar ponzi and pyramid schemes still exist in all other areas of massive investment, such as in property and stake-ownership. Timeshare anyone?! ICOs are simply a new medium for these criminals and we’d all do well not to make the mistake of placing the blame on the ideas and technology the industry is based upon.

So with this slew of new ICO’s popping up during the boom being largely scams, with no product or service promised ever materialising, the impact on trading has been significant, both institutionally and on a retail basis. Investor panic ensued causing a massive sell-off in crypto assets, which signalled the end to crypto’s first boom. Much of the media witnessing fingers getting burnt, but demonstrably uninformed on the technology, were quick to deem blockchain as an untrustworthy platform for transactions. Preferable only to those shady individuals and enterprises who demand anonymity over transparency. Unregulated over regulated.

The detrimental impact to the broader market of equity investments, fundraising and crowdfunding was immediate. ICO’s being unregulated allow companies to acquire huge amounts of capital with a successful campaign (Telegram being a prime example) while avoiding giving away real equity to their investors. Instead investors receive tokens/coins that can potentially be traded for products/services at a later date or sold for a higher value, which unfortunately few have to-date. All of the regulated procedures for funding and investing in companies that other businesses must adhere to are being effectively sidestepped. Given the opportunity to give away 0% of their company for say $40m, with a very good and well executed ICO - rather than use a regulated service such as Kickstarter or Crowdcube, to raise an arbitrarily capped value of either $1m USD or €5m EUR (where they have to give percentage of equity) is a no-brainer.

ICO’s have predominantly adopted a model of tokenizing a service to draw investment. This has resulted in companies having to come up with weird, wonderful and at times completely pointless ways of adding blockchain technology to a concept or service that already functions. There are hoards of people boasting about how blockchain will change the world. I believe it already has. The opportunists and bandwagoners creating an ICO for whatever ludicrous reason (like buying sports cars over blockchain) are only helping to detract from the true entrepreneurs who have fantastic and viable ideas that could help so many people, given the appropriate backing.

The nature of this sector is that the people interested in ICO’s are those also exposed and interested in blockchain or vice versa. I expect this will change and we’ll see a broader demographic of people trying to take blockchain out of these more-specialised circles. Still, with a majority of blockchain events flooded with ICO’s and their parade of questionable ideas and proposals, there’s a long way to go for the industry yet to root out the chancers. Whereas blockchain itself is being transformed and built upon around the world to create real next generation technology.

There are so many types of blockchain and utilisations of blockchain and these can be seen over a variety of coins/tokens already out there in the market. Further development of the tech and building the future of decentralised-data-exchange is the main aim. Unfortunately trading on the price of cryptocurrency using this technology is all that attracts a lot of newcomers to blockchain.

It’s down to the financial industry and government to rectify the damage caused to blockchain by ICO’s. Regulation will affect the exchanges that Altcoins are traded on and as soon as cryptocurrency is regulated, ICO’s will likely be taken in under that umbrella. Making it far more difficult for companies to secure the amount of money they have been accruing over the past few years. Hopefully regulation will serve to ‘cleanse’ the ICO industry of these shady dealers, and companies will not be able exploit naive investors and dissuade future potential investors. With regulation recognition and legitimacy will come, thus empowering blockchain technology to fulfil its potential and improve trading as well as society on the whole, as so many like I have promised it will.

Nearly 50% of 2017’s Initial Coin Offerings are currently failing, and one serious factor in this lack of success comes from the lack of trust in a business. Investing in ICOs is risky. Little regulation results in a vulnerability to fraud, and is putting off people from contributing - and rightly so, why would you want to just throw away money?

With that said, ICOs can prove an incredible investment opportunity, with huge potential for growth starting at the pre-sale; and if a potential contributor has trust in a project, there is absolutely no reason for them not to invest.

So how can you earn investors’ trust? This week Tomislav Matic, CEO of Crypto Future, provides Finance Monthly with his top five ways to incite trust in potential investors.

1. Be transparent

One key factor in convincing others of your legitimacy is through being as transparent as possible. Of course, not every detail can be given away, but letting potential contributors understand the inner workings of your company can go a long way to showing them all the work being put into your ICO.

Being transparent develops a unique relationship with investors. Show them you align with legal compliance - you could even go as far as showing off clips of on-site testing; whatever it takes to show the world that you are genuine in your efforts, working hard to make this project a success - it goes much further than you might think.

2. Go social

On average, people spend 116 minutes of their day on social media - just under two hours checking what other people are doing. Only a fool would miss out on this opportunity for both exposure, and a chance to involve future contributors.

Use Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter - and other social media sites too - to give people regular updates on product details, blog posts, interviews, information; anything you can think of. Frequent updates through a channel that people will be checking regardless go a long way to making investors feel involved in the progression of the project, connected and valued - that extra insight only helps towards bridging that relationship.

3. Introduce your team

By now, contributors feel the platform is safe, they know the inner workings of your product, and they feel involved with the project; it’s time to show them the team behind it. It’s all well and good having a brilliant product, but if you’ve got someone running the ICO who isn’t capable of delivering it, how can an investor trust it?

Roll out the blogs, the interviews, the Q&As, and get their social media accounts active too. Does your CEO have an incredible track record of getting ICOs off the ground? Shout about it. And an inexperienced leadership team isn’t necessarily a bad thing either - you just need to show to contributors why they are in the position they hold.

4. Create an extensive whitepaper

Not everyone will go through the entire whitepaper from front to back, but having a detailed outline of everything to do with your project gives contributors access to any specific information they might need.

Having a strong, comprehensive whitepaper in place allows investors to complete their due diligence at their own leisure. It’s a recurring theme: access to information. The more access, the more allowance you give for trust to blossom.

5. Outlining a clearly defined roadmap

Actions speak louder than words, but if you’re showing future contributors exactly what you’re planning and how you’re going to implement that plan, and then following through on it, there is absolutely no reason for them to believe that you can’t continue in that vein.

Outlining your strategy is a brilliant way of proving that you follow up on promises, and if you can do it before the ICO even starts, even with the smallest steps, investors will be more inclined to put their faith in you once the sale has kicked off.

Building trust is by no means easy, but it is incredibly vital to aiding your ICO’s success. It can without doubt be the difference between an ICO that hits the ground running, and one that flops completely.

The process starts early, and requires a huge amount of time and effort - much like building trust face to face - but the rewards are tremendous.

Initial Coin Offerings are one of the most tempting investment options for those hoping to profit from the ever-evolving world of cryptocurrency. However, the lack of regulation has allowed ICO investors to become targets of sneaky schemes.

Though ICOs have snowballed, with more than 750 being invested in during 2018 alone, the number of scams has also steadily risen, with more victims of fraud falling prey to cryptocurrency criminals.

Following Satis Group’s revelation that approximately 80% of 2017 ICOs were identified scams, new data from Fortune Jack has found that just ten of the most high-profile ICO scams have swindled $687.4 million from unsuspecting investors.

In fact, the notorious Pincoin and iFan scam stole $660 million, with an estimated 32,000 investors falling prey to the money-making plot from Modern Tech.

As cryptocurrency continues to dominate headlines, more investors are pouring cash into ICO schemes in the hope of turning a quick profit. And with more than 150 scams listed on popular website Deadcoins, it’s easy to see how inexperienced ISO investors are being suckered.

The losses have become so prevalent that the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) launched its own ISO scam in a bid to show investors how easy it is to set up such schemes.

The top ten most notorious ICO scams to date

Despite the SEC warning that ICOs “bring an increased risk of fraud and manipulation” due to the lack of regulation, the number of ICOs as well as the amount invested has increased over the past year.

In 2017 $6,240,046,555 was raised across 371 ICOs. However, in 2018 a staggering $20,074,423,238 has been raised across 789 ICOs to date.

This reveals a 222% increase in the amount raised in 2018 so far, compared to the full year of 2017. Additionally, there is a 113% increase in the number of ICOs in 2018 so far compared to 2017.

If Satis Group’s suggestion that almost 80% of 2017’s ICOs were identified scams is correct, 297 ICOs in 2017 may have been fraudulent. If this trend was to continue in 2018, 631 ICOs could be fraudulent.

Despite such shocking statistics, ICOs remain a relatively popular investment in 2018, with $20.1 billion being invested into ICOs so far.

The amount invested in ICOs in 2018 to date

So, what are the red flags that may alert you to an ISO scam? The following were present in the most high-profile incidents:

- Silence from companies when contacted by investors

- Lack of a whitepaper and inconsistencies on the ISO website

- Fake Linkedin Profiles of “the team” with stock images or stolen photos

- Any text humourous or otherwise outlining a scam

- Promise of fixed profit or guaranteed ROI

(Source: Fortune Jack)

Neil Williams, Senior Associate Solicitor at business crime experts Rahman Ravelli, considers the possible fate of cryptocurrencies.

It has been reported that more than 800 cryptocurrency projects have died a death in the past year and a half. It is a statistic that cannot be ignored for a number of reasons.

There is little doubt that the rise – and, from what we are seeing, the fall – of cryptocurrencies has been dramatic. It wasn’t a slow and steady rise in popularity. Cryptocurrency seemed to arrive in a bang. Suddenly, as if from nowhere, it was everywhere. And now, it appears, we are seeing a dramatic reversal of that trend.

To explain such a reversal requires a brief examination of the way cryptocurrency functions. In a nutshell, new digital tokens are created through an initial coin offering (ICO); which sees those behind the start-up issuing a new coin. Investors can then choose to buy that coin. By doing this, any investor is not purchasing equity in that company but the cryptocurrency that they do purchase can be used on the company's product. Such a process is, in effect, speculation. Those who invest in an ICO do so because the coins are usually cheap in their early days – and they hope that they will increase in value and provide a tidy profit if and when they cash in.

It is a process that has attracted plenty of enthusiastic followers. Researchers examining the market have stated that companies raised £3.8 billion through ICO’s last year, whereas the figure for this year is expected to be more than triple that. The sheer scale of investment in cryptocurrency demands that we pay attention to the problems it is currently suffering. Those problems may have implications for the financial wellbeing of many individuals and organisations who have staked a lot on the continued rise of cryptocurrency – only to discover that hundreds of such coins are already dead or worthless.

This is due largely to cryptocurrency’s unreliability factor. Many were set up with the simple intention of making fraudulent gains. Fake start-ups have been known to see the initial hard sell swiftly followed by those behind an ICO disappearing with investors’ money. Others were created but the company’s product never became a reality. And even those that have been regarded as the “major players’’ have struggled. Bitcoin, the biggest cryptocurrency, has seen its value fall by about 70% since 2017’s record high of $20,000. It is certainly still in existence and still has its enthusiastic following. But the fact that even Bitcoin has suffered a major battering to its reputation and its value shows that cryptocurrency has a credibility problem. Cryptocurrency has to be seen as a risk. And the more its credibility is eroded, the less chance cryptocurrencies – both the legitimate and fraudulent ones – may have of attracting and retaining investment.

Cryptocurrencies may, therefore, face a struggle to regain credibility – and see that reflected in rising values. Cryptocurrencies, as originally devised, are by their nature a friend of the fraudster. They have no tangible product, they allow anonymity and the lack of regulation historically has made them a virtual haven for those who want to conduct their dealings away from the authorities’ prying eyes. An awareness of this may be behind the sudden attack of cold feet among many who were so keen to invest not so long ago. But conversely, we may still be some way off the logical outcome.

What has to be recognised is that as cryptocurrencies attract the attention of mainstream investors, and even banking institutions, the lure and attraction of them is diminishing for those who wish to remain in the shadows: the very people who have given the currencies their damaging credibility problem. If such mainstream investment in cryptocurrencies continues, it is sure to be followed by closer official scrutiny and / or regulation – either of which will have the effect of further driving out those looking to make fraudulent gains. The consequence of this may not only be these types of currencies having less appeal to those who originally traded in them, it may also lead to a more stable market being created for honest investors.

We may, therefore, see another swing upwards in cryptocurrencies’ fortunes, as they become increasingly marketable and viewed as safer and more legitimate than at present. This is something that could only be hastened if and when regulation is introduced. It would be unwise, therefore, to announce the demise of cryptocurrencies.

With ICOs at the forefront of cryptoculture worldwide, blockchain technology is predominantly being driven by digital currencies and their markets, but why? Below Finance Monthly hears from Drew Bell, Chief Developer at Ethercoin, who explains why.

2018 is set to be an even bigger year for Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) than 2017, with more startup’s turning to the fundraising method to remain in control and transparent in the process. According to a report by CNBC^[1], around $100million a month is raised via ICO’s, showing the demand is increasingly prominent between investors and individuals.

However, as with many emerging trends, ICOs have been met with some scepticism and criticism. Before new businesses start jumping on this trend to become the next blockchain success, it is important to understand the challenges it might face and why trust should be built into the core of its offering.

Whilst there can be fraudulent ICOs, businesses and mainstream audiences need educating and to be made aware that ICOs are a viable fundraising mechanism.

The fastest growing form of investment

There’s no denying the fact that ICOs, “the fastest growing form of investment” carries numerous benefits for businesses looking to generate significant ROI without having to seek out venture capitalists. An Initial Coin Offering can be created by just about anyone, and offers businesses an efficient and streamlined fundraising opportunity.

Aside from the obvious benefits like being able to streamline a fundraising campaign for a startup business, by conducting a decentralised application, users will be offered a much better experience.

There is also the added benefits of online marketing, where an ICO can be marketed to a large, global targeted audience with little effort and cost. Potential investors can therefore research about a particular ICO via online ads, social media and websites no matter where in the world they might of originated from. The ICO investment model is open to everyone and free from the geographical restraints associated with IPOs.

An unpredictable market

It’s widely known that the blockchain and cryptocurrency market is an unpredictable place, where the majority of business see it as a sure fire way to attract investors who are looking for the next big blockchain score. Yes, an ICO looks to be an easier and more cost-effective way to raise funds for your business, but it can be just as challenging as as securing a venture capital; but you do have more control.

One of the biggest challenges a new business can face when journeying down the ICO route is the sheer amount of competition. In an interview with Business Insider, the founder of Evercoin announced there were around 30 new ICOs launching everyday, and raising as much as $200million per ICO^[2]. Businesses need to make sure they are distinguishing themselves from such a saturated market with a strong unique selling point that will not only put them ahead of the game, but generate interest and a buzz amongst investors. With so many ICO projects not having an effective marketing plan and channels to promote themselves, they can get lost in the sea of ICO scams that take centre stage.

Essential to make a difference

ICO’s are essential for businesses wanting to enter the market, and to be able to thrive, ICOs need regulatory safeguards to be implemented and investors need to be educated. Trust should be at the forefront of any businesses fundraising project, and one of the first steps to building trust is for businesses to create an extensive whitepaper and detailed roadmap.

Due to the volatile nature of the blockchain technology, it can be hard to understand the true nature of the transaction during an ICO sale. Businesses should ensure they offer a safe and secure platform to boast legitimacy can help to instill trust amongst investors.

Communication is the key to success with generating trust amongst the blockchain market. By using social media to engage and update its audiences, investors will start to feel empowered and as if they are a part of the process. This will promote a higher level of transparency and result in more investment.

In today’s unstable and saturated blockchain market, it is essential that businesses looking to start on their fundraising journey are putting security, transparency and trust at the forefront of raising capital to maintain solid investment and build credibility amongst investors.

^[1] https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/09/initial-coin-offerings-surpass-early-stage-venture-capital-funding.html

^[2] http://uk.businessinsider.com/ico-initial-coin-offering-explained-bitcoin-ethereum-2017-11?r=US&IR=T

Facebook, Google, and now also Twitter have all moved to ban cryptocurrency-based adverts on their sites. This means that any ads pertaining to ICO platforms, bitcoin wallets, token sales, crypto-trading etc. will be banned.

Much of this spouts from illicit ads and fraudulent activities. Therefore, there will be some exceptions and policies are still being put together. Analysts currently believe dips in market values and trading of crypto are being caused by the regulatory scrutiny and ban on ads.

This week Finance Monthly hears from BrokerNotes CEO Marcus Taylor on what this means for the crypto market as a whole: “The cryptocurrency market is taking a battering at the moment. It’s being viewed by consumers and big businesses as a wild west environment riddled with risk and instability. Google’s move to ban cryptocurrency ads, following Facebook’s decision last month, will light a fire under the industry to introduce the regulation needed to make the crypto market one consumers can trust in the long term.

“But what about the short-term impact? A recent report shows that 58% of online cryptocurrency traders are millennials and it seems logical that removing advertising from social media channels like YouTube and Facebook should have a major impact on their overall interest in the market. The reality will be different though.

“Although 18-30s represent a huge chunk of the market, 52% identify as experienced traders. The ban will simply serve to protect the ill-informed making bad decisions and bring market stability, rather than put a stranglehold on cryptocurrency trading.”

With the explosion of cryptocurrencies over recent years, many businesses and start-ups are turning to Initial Coin Offerings, or ICOs, to raise money to get their projects up and running. This week Finance Monthly gets the lowdown on ICO management from Dr. Moritz Kurtz, CEO & Co-Founder of Acorn Collective, clarifying the point, purpose and benefits of launching an ICO.

In an ICO campaign, early backers of the venture buy a percentage of the cryptocurrency, often based on one of the existing public blockchains, in the form of tokens created by the company they are supporting.

An ICO can theoretically be used to fund any project or product in any category, however, before an ICO is launched it needs to clarify:

• The concept
• The token model
• Funding required
• Next stages if funded

With so many ICOs in the marketplace you must lay out your concept in detail before launching an ICO. This way contributors can see the utility of your token, and understand what they are buying into. It also makes token holders feel part of the process of creating a new technology, platform or product.

Who should run an ICO?

Whilst any product or project CAN launch an ICO, that does not mean anyone SHOULD. ICO’s have become a popular funding model with start-ups looking to bypass the traditional, and more rigorous, process of gaining funds via venture capital backing.

Although technically an ICO model can be used to fund anything, it is important to consider:

• The necessity of the blockchain
• What you want to achieve
• Utility of your token: What real-world utility will your token have?
• Potential for regulation: Currently, ICOs are largely unregulated, but that does not mean they will be in the future. As the ICO market grows, many countries plan to impose stricter regulations.

ICO for Crowdfunding

An ICO could be greatly beneficial for the crowdfunding space, as it allows for the following:

• Removes transaction and platform fees: Current platforms charge 5-10% in fees.
• Be accessible to all: Without the same commercial pressures as traditional crowdfunding platforms, an ICO-funded platform would be able to accept any legal project in any category and country.
• Integrated post-campaign marketplace: The token economy created through ICO funding means the platform could have an integrated post-campaign marketplace, alongside reasonably priced campaign support services for founders.

Essentially, an ICO can be used to ‘crowdfund crowdfunding’.

How is an ICO mutually beneficial?

Successful ICOs benefit both backers of the venture and those relying on the funds it provides.

The backers can contribute towards a product or project at an early stage, thus benefitting from the increased demand for the token as utility increases. Meanwhile, projects can receive early funding to build their business venture without having to give away equity in the company.

Things to think about

Although launching an ICO can hold great promise for start-ups, it’s not all plain sailing.

Getting the funds can be tricky. When launching an ICO you must generate interest from contributors to encourage them to buy your tokens which, in a crowded marketplace, can be challenging. Not getting enough funds is one of the biggest risks. Not meeting the minimum target means the funds are returned to the token holders and the ICO is deemed as having failed.

An ICO is a great way of raising funding for the right projects in certain industries, but is by no means an easy solution. The ICO world is currently saturated with projects and competition for funding is intense. Making sure you have a viable and sustainable idea that requires blockchain is a good start. From then on, a successful ICO requires all the same focus on marketing and community building as any other form of fundraising.

With the rise of several follow ups to Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies are proliferating at a very serious rate. With ICOs left, right and centre, Bitcoin could soon be facing serious competition; or is the competition already here? Below Richard Tall from DWF explains why Ethereum could be the new kid on the block.

I was helping a client the other day, to identify some of the legal issues surrounding his cryptocurrency trading business. One of my questions to him was which cryptocurrencies he trades in - and he very kindly shared a list of them with me.

It was pretty long.

I have previously made the point that, in the last four years, humankind has invented seven times more "currencies" than the governmental currencies that already existed. The two most famous of these, to those of us not immersed in the market, are Ether - the token associated with Ethereum - and Bitcoin.

Seemingly to most, Bitcoin is a bigger beast than Ethereum. But does the latter present a threat to the former's dominance?

The present state of the cryptocurrency market

As I write this article, the market capitalisation of all cryptocurrencies has taken a hammering as they suffer further setbacks. These range from UK mortgage companies refusing to accept funds generated from cryptocurrencies as deposits for properties, to concerns about further governmental bans in jurisdictions such as South Korea.

All of the major cryptocurrencies have trended in much the same way, albeit they do different things. Ether's market cap today is about $102 billion (slightly larger than Kraft Heinz) and Bitcoin's is about $190 billion (about the same as Citigroup).

In 2017 alone, the value of Ether rose by 13,000 per cent against a somewhat modest showing of 2,000 per cent from Bitcoin. There is little point in trying to ascribe reasons to the differing levels of value increase though, as a market driven by those seeking to get rich quick is no real market at all.

Ethereum's perceived threat to Bitcoin is not a simple comparison of relative worth, then. There are essential differences to what each does and while Bitcoin is currently synonymous with cryptocurrencies in the minds of the public, as the market matures the value of both Bitcoin and Ether will be driven by factors other than the frenzied speculation which currently persists.

Crucial differences between Ethereum and Bitcoin

In reality, Bitcoin and Ethereum are quite different.

Ethereum is a computing platform which provides scripting language for smart contracts. This means that there is a blockchain upon which a number of contracts can be written and which automatically execute on the happening of a set series of events.

As with most blockchains, it is open source, which means that anyone minded to do so can use the Ethereum blockchain to write and implement smart contracts, which are simply a series of promises in digital form. A bit like a contract really, just with the word "smart" added at the front.

Ether is the unit of value deployed on the Ethereum blockchain, and consequently shares certain characteristics with Bitcoin. It is a potential store of value and is fungible between persons who perceive it to have a value.

Bitcoin is ubiquitous. It has become mainstream, can be used as a means of payment in a number of different arenas and is part of common parlance.

Technically, there are no limits to the use of Bitcoin. While it settles in a way different to dollars or pounds, it essentially does the same thing - which is not a lot, really. Money exists and it sits in our bank accounts. It may enable us to do things but in itself it does not undertake any activity.

Ethereum - more than just a cryptocurrency

As we are currently seeing, governments are starting to put restrictions on cryptocurrencies, driven not by a desire to see their citizens exchanging any particular kind of asset for another asset, but because their citizens are speculating on something which their governments perceive they do not understand.

Ether is simply a child of Ethereum. Ethereum is actually a huge computing network which enables anybody to build a decentralized application. A business, if it determined that it needed a blockchain developed solution, could employ a programmer to build that on the Ethereum platform.

Ether, while associated with the Ethereum platform, is capable of performing the same function as Bitcoin. Whether or not it does so is simply a factor of the parties to any transaction determining whether or not Ether has any value to them.

So back to the central question, is Ethereum a threat to Bitcoin? Probably not.

While Ether is clearly a competitor to Bitcoin, bearing in mind that the combined market capitalisation of both is way south of the market capitalisation of some of the world's biggest companies, there is room for both. Ether has the advantage of being associated with Ethereum, and Ethereum does what Bitcoin cannot do, and came to be because of the limitations and single function of Bitcoin.

Mainstream businesses are beginning to embrace Ethereum technology with banks and other entities using Ethereum-led solutions for things such as payment services. The biggest threat to Bitcoin remains Bitcoin itself, with the continuing creep of government regulation and the ongoing tag of financial crime driving market behaviours.

With news that the performance of ICOs has been ‘nothing short of outstanding’, hitting average returns of 1,320%, here Laurent Leloup, Founder and CEO of Chaineum, discusses with Finance Monthly the prospects of ICOs in 2018, and the staggering capacity they have to make an investment golden.

First introduced in 2014, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) have seen a meteoric rise in 2017; resulting in $2.3 billion being raised to date as blockchain startups turn to cryptocurrency to raise funds. Typically described as a cross between an IPO and online crowdfunding using Cryptocurrency, an ICO requires an investor to contribute a certain amount of an existing token, such as Ether, to receive a share in a new currency at a set conversion rate.

As the popularity of ICOs continues to grow, it’s important that organizations understand the range of benefits, both for companies seeking investment and those looking to invest, the ICO model provides compared to traditional investment avenues.

Benefits of an ICO

For organizations looking for investment, an ICO is considered a much faster and easier fundraising method to undertake as anyone can start one. Additionally, the online nature of an ICO means that marketing and settlement costs are significantly lower than traditional fundraising with settlements finalized through the blockchain. This removes many additional costs that are associated with traditional investment which could incur legal fees amongst other expenses.

An ICO-funded startup also benefits from a network of supporters, similar to online crowdfunded businesses, whereby those supporters hold tokens that increase in value based on usage. Essentially, this means that an ICO-funded business already has a customer base in place and is in a stronger position to see faster growth.

As well as offering benefits for companies looking for investment, ICOs also have significant advantages for those looking to invest. Many investors are attracted to cryptocurrencies for their liquidity. Rather than playing the long game and investing vast amounts of money in a startup which could then see your investment locked up in equity of the company, ICOs offer the opportunity to see gains much quicker and can take profits out of the company invested in more easily.

An additional advantage of an ICO for investors is that it has the potential to remove geographical limitations seen with traditional venture financing which typically tends to be tied to global financial hubs such as New York, Silicon Valley or London. ICOs remove this restriction and opens up opportunities for anyone in any geography. This democratization essentially allows anyone to contribute and profit from an investment.

Furthermore, cryptocurrencies can appreciate much faster in value than standard currencies. For example, Bitcoin was worth just $100 in 2013 and in September 2017 was trading between $4,000-$5,000. As well cryptocurrencies from Blockchain startups Monero and NEM both saw huge increases in value at 2,000% increases. Therefore the potential ROI for investors using cryptocurrency is much higher.

What to look for in an ICO?

From an investment point of view, not all ICOs are created equal. Whilst there are apparent benefits to this new investment model, a number of poorly-managed operations have caused some concern within the industry towards the transparency and legitimacy of some ICOs.

However, previous successful ICOs have demonstrated that ambitious blockchain firms can achieve their objective in raising funds through this innovative new model. So what should investors look for when thinking of investing in an ICO?

Firstly, before considering investing in an ICO, it’s important to look for those that offer due diligence. There is currently no formal process to audit an ICO organization which means a company is able to start selling cryptocurrency tokens before a functioning product even exists. Understandably this has led some critics to comment on the legitimacy of some projects.

Before investing, it’s important to carry out a detailed analysis of the project, its objectives, and resource to gauge the likelihood of the project coming to fruition. In addition, the project should be able to provide regular operational updates on its status to ensure the investor feels confident with its progress.

As well as ensuring the legitimacy of an ICO through their due diligence, investors should look for an ICO with a certain level of transparency so they feel confident in their venture. Due to the nature of Blockchain technology, it can be difficult to identify who is purchasing tokens. This means that the true extent of the transaction is not quite clear. However, some blockchain platforms enable organizations to require and share personal information when making a transaction. Therefore before investing, it’s wise to consider the project’s Know Your Customer (KYC) measurements in place.

ICOs have seen rapid growth within the last year with more projects planned in the near future. However, for those looking to invest or launch their own ICO, it’s essential to understand how to navigate the ecosystem, including risks associated with the mechanism. Despite being a relatively new fundraising model, the rate at which they have grown in popularity means that we will continue to see more and more blockchain startups turn to the cryptocurrency community."

In its new report ‘Tokenisation: Implications for the venture capital industry’, Mangrove Capital Partners highlighted that the performance of ICOs ‘has been nothing short of outstanding’ with blind investment in each ICO, including those that failed, generating an average return of 1,320%. The research also found the majority of large-scale ICOs (i.e. those over $10m) is focused on either the blockchain economy or financial services industry.

The report explains how ICOs could dramatically change capital raising for startups by allowing founders to “raise significant capital (perhaps even all the capital they could ever need) in one early round of fundraising without giving away any equity in the business”. It also explains the benefits for investors, with the disruptive new funding mechanism bringing liquidity, accountability and transparency to investing in private companies.

While the report acknowledges that the performance of ICOs is linked it the rapidly ascending value of ether – which has risen from around $8 at the start of the year to a high of $390 in September – it attributes ether’s rising value to the growth in ICO fundraisings and increasing demand for tokens. Furthermore, it predicts “the value of ether will continue to rise as more businesses opt to issue tokens and the ICO market matures.”

The report also suggests that a growing market for ICOs will lead to a decreasing requirement for venture capital and that ‘the balance of power would likely tip from the investors to the entrepreneurs’, with mid to late stage financing hit hardest. It explains how ICOs could have significant implications for the VC operating model with venture firms losing their various rights, which cover everything from board and governance issues through to economic rights in certain situations. It suggests they may also need to adopt a more active trading strategy more akin to hedge funds as investment in private companies becomes more liquid.

“ICOs do not put VCs out of the game. They are free to take capital and invest in startups of any kind, and, subject to authorisation from their own investors, could just as easily invest through Crypto into ICO as with FIAT into equity or convertible debt,” comments Skype’s former chief operating officer Michael Jackson, partner at Mangrove Capital Partners. “However, the rhythm of a weekly partners meeting and a monthly investment committee won’t work in an active environment responding to real world events.”

Mangrove’s report also suggests that regulated exchanges could be established to protect investors from fraud: “Interestingly, many projects today fit into existing regulatory frameworks and, with small changes to implementation rules, could easily be accommodated without anything other than a better understanding…In the mid term, it would be logical that a parallel structure to existing stock exchanges will be created - likely geographically and then vertically..” continues Michael Jackson, partner at Mangrove Capital Partners.

Background on ICOs:

-       The initial coin offering (ICO) market has since grown at a dizzying pace - with over $3bn raised through issuances of token-based digital currencies since the start of the year.

-       San Francisco’s Protocol Labs Inc., for example, raised $253 million in an ICO to build a network with blockchain technology on which digital storage can be bought and sold using the Filecoin tokens

-       ICOs have of course attracted considerable controversy and for good reason. ICOs currently lack a robust regulatory framework and do not confer any of the ownerships rights and legal protections that regulated shares do.

-       In September China banned ICO funding, stating that it had “seriously disrupted the economic and financial order”

-       UK regulators have warned consumers they are "very high-risk, speculative investments" and that investors “should be prepared to lose their entire stake”.

What is a token?

A token is a digital asset based on blockchain technology that can be transferred between two parties without the need for a central intermediary. Tokens created using the Ethereum blockchain can have a variety of attributes attached and, with “smart contracts” added, they articulate, verify and enforce agreements between parties. The ERC-20 token standard, defines a common list of rules for all Ethereum tokens to follow and has made launching tokens on top of the Ethereum blockchain very straightforward.

What is an Initial Coin Offering?

The use of ERC-20 tokens has led to a new method of raising capital known as an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) in which projects issue tokens to investors in exchange for digital currency such as bitcoin or ether. The tokens allow investors to use the digital services that the startup plans to produce or even sell them if they appreciate in value.

(Source: Mangrove Capital Partners)

With digital currencies taking the financial world by storm, the banking industry is being revolutionized from the outside. And it’s about time. The global banking system, which relies on currencies whose value is partly determined by the people in power (and partly by the demand) and thus, spin the wheels of the capitalist machine, could possibly be turned inside out.

Cue cryptocurrencies. The premise is simple: They are not controlled by any particular country, which means supply depends on demand and the value depends on the movements within the blockchain. However, the programming gets far more complicated than that, as does their relationship with “regular” money and banking. It’s a love-hate relationship, or at least the banks love to hate them, seeing as the more transactions that are performed using crypto, the less power they have to maintain control of the financial capital in their country, and subsequently worldwide.

China was the first country to ban ICOs (initial coin offerings — the process to start a new currency). This shouldn’t really have come as much of a surprise from the country that has a bit of a history of trying to keep their population in check. When the news hit, it had a less than enthusiastic reaction from miners and investors alike. China says the move was to protect investors, which would make sense at a basic level because the Chinese stock market is less than 30 years old and investor protections need to be comprehensive enough for the ever-complicated ecosystem of alternative finance, which still needs time to develop. On the other hand, reports back in September revealed that China is hoping to eventually develop its own fintech sandbox, so their banning of ICOs could possibly be considered as a pre-emptive strike on the competition. Time will tell.

Other countries will also introduce some kind of regulation, but there’s nothing as extreme as China, yet. The USA doesn’t have an outright ban, but the strict regulations with the infamous IRS mean that you have to be an accredited investor to have the right to participate in ICOs. Malaysian officials have issued cautions and announced that there will be regulation to follow and they are not ruling out the possibility of banning cryptocurrencies completely. Most recently, South Korea has stated that strict controls are needed and there will be heavy penalties for offenders. Experts say that this is just paving the way for more control on cryptocurrencies in general. And it’s not just in Asia that governments are starting to play hardball: The banking capital of Europe, Switzerland, has introduced a code of conduct regarding ICOs and regulations for currency use.

Does this all come down to a country’s desire to regulate their own finances and wealth? Maybe. But it seems that they’re missing the point somewhat. The sheer beauty of digital currency is that they work independently of any government or central bank. And seeing as the cryptocurrency market is booming and is only set to continue, completely prohibiting ICOs in these countries is likely to be as effective as trying to ban gaming in the Bahamas, which now plays host to PokerStars' annual high-stakes championship tournament for poker.

As for bans in more countries, there are a couple of possibilities. Some countries will follow suit and introduce regulations on both ICOs and cryptocurrencies, making them lose what made them so appealing and successful in the first place. And others will allow investors to get in on the ground floor of this unregulated space for them to increase wealth in the hope that it benefits the country of the investor. Given the plans for economic growth in Southeast Asia, investors are sure to be plugging for this second option and subsequently leaving their competitors in the dust.

Of course, there will always be those looking for loopholes. After all, where there is a will, there is a way, and when the value of cryptocurrencies increases 400% in a six-month period, a will is easily found. It’s also possible that something as simple as a name change might suffice — premines are becoming an increasingly popular concept in the US at least — until regulations affect these as well, creating a cycle of innovations within the digital currency world.