This morning's news comes as no surprise given the state of play, but as the Dow Jones hits its third-worst point in history, investors are waking up to the prospect that this may be just the beginning of what’s to come.

Some economists are warning that the pandemic could push the Bank of Canada and the US Federal Reserve to consider cutting interest rates sooner rather than later; a clear sign of more to come. Benjamin Tal, deputy chief economist at CIBC Capital Markets, told The Financial Post: “It is reasonable to assume that coronavirus is going to last longer given the infection rate is higher than SARS and is still climbing. That itself, might convince the Bank of Canada and even the US Fed to cut interest rates. I wouldn’t be surprised.”

“This is just the beginning of coronavirus, and there is a consensus starting to be generated that maybe, it will last longer than expected.”

In terms of numbers, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 1,031 points, or 3.56% on Monday, while the S&P 500 plunged 3.3%, the biggest drop since last August. Global demand for oil has stalled, leaving the price to fall as much as 4% over the weekend. The price of gold on the other hand, went up, as investors attempt to put their money where it’s safe.

According to Frances Donald, chief economist at Manulife Investment Management: “The virus spread comes at a time when companies are already facing significant inventory restocking and a stalling in global manufacturing following the application of tariffs and overall trade tension…Coronavirus is adding salt to the wound.”

The good news is that based on past research from the Bespoke Investment Group, over the past 11 years, declines of more than 2% for the S&P 500 have resulted in healthy rebounds, particularly when the largest drop happens on a Monday. However, both analysts and investors are highly sceptical moving forward, and the next few weeks should give some indication of how stocks will play out in the wake of coronavirus’ furore.

Billions of dollars flow into the U.S. from China every year. CNBC’s Uptin Saiidi explores some of China’s biggest assets in New York and explains how the trend is shifting.

Following the Chancellor’s promise this month to ensure giant technology companies pay a fairer portion of tax, Chris Denning, tax partner at MHA MacIntyre Hudson, argues low tax rates for multinationals are a key fiscal tool to encourage investment into the UK. We’ll have to see how this pans out in the autumn budget next week.

Philip Hammond may have impressed the Tory conference by threatening to “go it alone” with a digital sales tax but in practice there will be a strong reluctance to take unilateral action as it could damage the UK’s economic and fiscal competitiveness. HM Treasury clearly stated in its updated position paper of March 2018 that the preferred solution for the UK needs to sit within the international corporate tax framework.

The constant negative focus on the level of corporation tax multinationals pay in the UK fails to account for the fact that the UK’s low rate is a hook for multinationals to locate here, and means they employ thousands of people as a result. The full benefits to the UK economy don’t show up in corporation tax statistics, and people must remember they don’t reflect the full story.

Amazon’s 2017 results for example prompted much furore, but indicated that the company paid more tax to the UK exchequer than in the previous year. Headcount went up significantly, resulting in a significant increase in pay-as-you-earn tax (PAYE) and national insurance contributions (NIC).While companies have a “moral obligation” to pay the right amount of tax they are also still obliged to create shareholder value which directly benefits thousands of individuals whose pension funds will be heavily invested in these stocks.

The Chancellor also needs to consider what defines the “digital economy” as opposed to the “digitalisation of the economy”, which impacts every business. The UK Government sees business models that profit from user participation, such as social networks, search engines and intermediation platforms as the targets for reform and not online content providers, e-tailers or software/cloud service providers. This is on the basis that remote selling cross border is not unique to “digital businesses”. This is a significant departure from the EU’s proposed Directive where remote content sellers and service providers are targeted. Going it alone is only likely to muddy the waters further.

In life we generally want to be right. This is why you may hear traders framing their trading success by saying they won nine out of the last 10 trades, or that they have a 90% success rate.

However, having lots of winning trades does not necessarily mean that you will be a profitable trader in the long run. This concept is Ray Downer, Senior Trader Coach at Learn to Trade, explores below as he talks Finance Monthly through trade expectancies.

Let’s take two traders: Sarah and Mike are both traders that have placed 100 trades and started with the same amount of money in their trading account:

• Mike wins 75 trades and loses 25 trades
• Sarah wins 30 trades and loses 70 trades

Who is the better trader?

Although we can see Mike is right more often than Sarah is when trading, to determine who is the better overall trader we are missing some key pieces of information.

Firstly, we need to know the amount of profit made when one of our traders is right, as well as the amount lost when wrong. Another way of putting this is that we need to know our traders’ average reward-to-risk over their 100 trades.

So let us look at both of our traders again, but this time take into consideration their reward-to-risk:

• When Mike is right he makes a profit on average of £100 per trade; when wrong he makes an average £300 loss. This means that his reward-to-risk is 1:3.
• When Sarah is right she makes £300 on average per trade and when she’s wrong she loses on average £100. This means she has reward-to-risk of 3:1.

This gives us a bit more insight into the traders. We can see that mike, for example, is willing to risk three times more than he stands to gain in any one trade. Sarah in contrast is looking for a bigger pay-off but not willing to risk as much as Mike per trade.

Neither of those approaches is inherently good or bad as a trading strategy.

To really understand how each of our traders’ strategies stack up against each other, we need to take into consideration the two things we have mentioned here: firstly how frequently our traders have winning trades and secondly how much is gained or lost with each trade.

In trading terms, what we are figuring out is Mike and Sarah’s trade expectancy. Trade expectancy essentially tells us how much we stand to gain or lose as a trader for every pound risked.

Expectancy = (average gain x probability of gain) – (average loss x probability of loss)

We can make this a bit clearer using Mike and Sarah’s results:

• Mike’s expectancy per trade = (£100 win x 0.75) - (£300 loss x 0.25) = £0
• Sarah’s expectancy per trade = (£300 win x 0.3) - (£100 x 0.70 loss) = £20

What this tells us is that over the long run Mike is breaking even with each trade despite winning 75% of the time. As a trader the long term goal is of course to make a profit rather than break-even or lose money. For Mike’s strategy to become profitable he either needs to win more often and/or reduce his risk per trade.

Sarah’s expectancy tells us that she is making an average £20 per trade in the long run, even though she is winning just 30% of her trades. Her reward-to-risk strategy means that she can be wrong much more frequently than Mike, but still make a profit overall.

Both Mike and Sarah’s expectancy can improve or worsen depending on trading conditions and whether they stick to their trading plans. Nevertheless, expectancy is a good benchmark to evaluate a trading strategy. You could also think of expectancy as how much you can theoretically expect to get paid for each trade you take over time.

As we all know, it’s impossible to always be right when trading forex. However, figuring out your expectancy helps shift focus away from being right per trade to instead how right you are overall.

Penningtons Manches recently revealed that British companies are enjoying an unprecedented period of investment from West Coast-based US firms, with 74 deals contributing to a total value of £1.08 billion in 2017 – the first time Silicon Valley investment into the UK has broken the billion-pound mark.

The new report from Penningtons Manches, Golden Gate to Golden Triangle, finds that software companies take the lion’s share of this investment, benefiting from £2.2 billion in funds since 2011. The number of deals from Silicon Valley into UK firms has increased by 252 per cent over that period.

Many of these companies are based in the UK’s Golden Triangle - between 2011 and 2017, 79% of all US investment into UK firms went to those based in the area that includes London, Oxford and Cambridge.

Life science firms were the second most invested in, taking £472 million from West Coast investors since 2011, with hardware companies and medical tech following with £207 million and £58 million respectively.

West Coast investors may have been involved in more deals, but the research found that East Coast investors have provided more capital. They invested £1.31 billion into UK companies in 2017. Between 2011 and 2017, the total number of deals by East Coast investors into UK companies rose by 48% from 29 to 56.

The investment reflects a wider trend of inward investment into UK companies which is seeing a rise across the board. Despite concerns about Brexit, the report unveils a 62% increase in foreign investment into UK firms in 2017, a third of which were by North American investors and a quarter by those in the United States. Investors from outside of the UK were involved in £5.9 billion worth of deals, a 187% rise on the previous year and eight times the amount in 2011.

James Klein, Partner at Penningtons Manches, comments: “We are delighted that the findings from the report reveal such appetite from West Coast investors to nurture Britain’s most innovative, high potential firms. Penningtons Manches has a long history of working with technology firms, their innovators and their investors, and we launched our San Francisco office to better support our growing client base in the Bay area and to develop meaningful connections between our US clients and the fast-growth tech businesses in the UK that we represent. We look forward to supporting this continued interest from US investors into the future.”

The report also sheds light on the reasons that UK firms seek US investment. From a survey of British firms considering US investment, the top reasons for looking West are:

1. Greater access to US markets – 83% of non US-backed firms cited access to markets as a reason to take US investment;
2. Existing relationship with investor – 48% of UK companies who have already done deals with US-based firms said that their primary driver for taking more US investment was their existing relationship with their investor;
3. Technical expertise of investor – 46% of non US-backed firms firms cited this as a reason for seeking US investment;
4. Favourable investment climate – 44% of non US-backed firms cited this as a reason to take US investment.

The report also finds that Brexit has had a mixed impact on US investment into UK firms. Despite the fact that devaluation of the pound has reportedly created a surge of British exports since Brexit, the research finds that companies that have raised smaller amounts are more likely to believe it has had a beneficial impact: 100% of British companies surveyed who have raised between £100,000 and £500,000 believe currency fluctuations have been beneficial, but only 42% of those raising £1 million - £5 million felt the same.

(Source: Penningtons Manches)

Starting a small business is the ultimate working dream for many. When you take the plunge to finally make it happen you’ll have lots to think about. One of the major considerations will be securing funds.

If you’re starting off a new business you may need a hand to get your vision off the ground. An organisation like SCORE could provide the support you need; it’s a Small Business Administration that has helped thousands of small businesses launch and grow.

Bear the following tips in mind as you start the process of securing investment for your small business:

1. Start early

If you have savings that you can put towards launching your business or expanding it, make it one of the first things you do. If you’re looking to secure investment and raise funds for your business, you’ll be impressing potential investors by showing them that you’re committed to your idea and backing it with your own money.

2. Have a plan

If you want to be taken seriously by investors, you need to make sure you have a growth plan in place so that you’re able to demonstrate a realistic outlook for further expansion.
This will give investors the confidence that you are serious about your plans. Investors will expect a long-term plan for development, with detail and forecast revenue; a good idea in isolation isn’t enough.

3. Recruit well

If your start-up is larger than a one-person operation it’s essential you have a solid team of people behind you. An experienced, enthusiastic and knowledgeable team around you provides potential investors with confidence. Choose wisely!

4. Approach experienced investors

Background research will prove whether or not a potential investor has experience when it comes to companies similar to you. You should ideally approach those who have a good track record when it comes to helping businesses comparable to you. They may offer more than just money - their knowledge and previous experience could be extremely valuable for you.

5. Point of Sale System

A Point of Sale System is where your customers make payments for items that they buy from your company. Such a system allows you to have much better control over your business operations as you know exactly what’s been sold on a daily or monthly basis, how many products you have in the warehouse and how much money you’ve made. You can keep track of your inventory through analyzing sales processes, sales reports and other data.

6. Be patient

Raising funds is never going to be straightforward and it most certainly won’t happen overnight. It takes time and patience so stick with it and don’t give up - honestly, it will be worth it in the end.

7. Be flexible

Investors want to see a return after offering you funding, so make sure that you’re flexible with the level of control that you are giving them when it comes to the decision making process. If they’re able to see that you can easily be a success without too much legislation and paperwork, they might be likely to invest.

8. Showcase your best pitching skills

If you’re looking to gain investment, you really need to possess strong pitching skills. Investors need to see a clear and concise plan of the future direction of your business, exactly how their money is going to help, and when they might see a return on their investment. Practice makes perfect so make sure that you don’t neglect the preparation stage.

Securing investments can be a daunting process, but it can be done. Prepare thoroughly, do your homework, be confident, explain your vision clearly, and you’ll have a great chance of succeeding.

Investors should expect an increase in market volatility and ensure that they are properly diversified, warns the senior analyst at deVere Group.

The warning from Tom Elliott, International Investment Strategist at deVere Group, comes as US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday that the United States will exit the Iran nuclear deal and impose “powerful” sanctions.

Mr Elliott comments: “Investors should expect an increase in market volatility following Trump’s announcement that he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal.

“There will be global stock market sell-offs as the world adjusts to the news.”

He continues: “Due to the severity of the US President’s approach, in the shorter term at least it is likely gold and the US dollar may rally on growing fears of further conflicts in the Middle East breaking out; and risk assets, namely stocks and credit markets, may weaken. Oil may rally strongly.

“We will need to wait for the full Iranian response. However, I expect that they will try to continue to appear the reasonable partner and work with Russia and the Europeans, playing them off against the US If they take a more aggressive stance, oil, gold and the dollar will go considerably higher.”

Mr Elliott concludes: “Geopolitical events such as these underscore how essential it is for investors to always ensure that they are properly diversified - this includes across asset classes, sectors and geographical regions – to mitigate potential risks to their investment returns.”

If there's one thing that makes the process of investing decidedly complex, it's the constantly changing macroeconomic climate. This includes a number of individual aspects such as inflation and interest rates, and when combined they can have a cumulative impact on numerous assets and investment types.

Inflation is a particularly interesting macroeconomic factor, and one that tends to move independently to the value of the pound and the base interest rate.

Below Finance Monthly looks at the value of the pound against inflation during the course of the last 20 years or so, and ask how this should influence your investment choices in the near-term.

The Pound vs. Inflation – An Unbalanced Relationship

In simple terms, inflation has increased at a disproportionate rate to the pound over the course of the last two decades or more. More specifically, last years' prices were an estimated 303.3% higher than those recorded in 1980, meaning that 37 years ago £100 would have had the equivalent purchasing power of £403.34 in 2017.

Conversely, the pound itself has moved within a far narrower range during since the late 1980s and early 1990s, against a host of other major currencies. The GBP: USD has reached a peak 2.04 during this time, for example, while slumping to a low of 1.24 in January of last year. This trend is replicated across both the Australian Dollar and the Japanese Yen, while the pound has traded within an even more restricted range against the Euro since the 1990s.

From this, we can see that inflation and the cost of living has fluctuated far more noticeably than the underlying value of the pound, making it a particularly influence and volatile macroeconomic factor. This is an important point for investors to consider, as they must factor in the prevailing rate

of inflation and future forecasts to ensure that they build a viable trading portfolio.

Stocks vs. Bonds in the Current Macroeconomic Climate

To understand this further, let's compare the viability to stocks and bonds in the current, macroeconomic climate. In general terms, bonds are considered as more stable investment vehicles that are ideal for risk-averse investors, while stocks carry the burden of ownership for traders and are capable of delivering higher returns.

With inflation remaining high at around 3% in February (well beyond the Bank of England's target of 2%), however, bonds would appear to represent a better option in the current climate. This is because higher inflation can squeeze household incomes, lowering consumer confidence and spending in the process. As a result of this, both the economy and individual shares in the UK have the potential to be adversely affected in the short-term, while it's difficult to determine when inflation will return to a more manageable level.

Additionally, high inflation can also impact corporate profits through higher input cost, which can in turn lower share values and create negative sentiment within the stock market.

If this does happen, investors could well flock to defensive assets that are relatively risk-averse, particularly if inflation is expected to remain well above the BoE's 2% target throughout 2018. While further interest rate increases could reverse this trend, it's unlikely that the BoE will implement more than one hike this year if the current climate of uncertainty remains unchanged.

The Last Word

Of course, the economy and macroeconomic climate is a fluid entity, and one that could change considerably over the next few months.

Still, the spectre of high inflation is sure to be impacting on the decisions of investors and wealth management firms, as they look to diversify and optimise the returns of their clients in a challenging climate. This includes firms like W H Ireland, who are looking to build on recent growth and continue to thrive amid slower stock market activity and increasingly stained economic conditions.

So, while bonds may not be the most glamorous of asset classes, they offer genuine stability in the current marketplace.

Why be content with almost $2 billion when your net worth can be multiples more simply by moving your company from one stock exchange to another?

2018 is the year you make more money. It’s one of your New Year’s resolutions – but you’ve got no idea where to start. You’ve done the research, read as much as you can, and are suffering from a serious case of paralysis by analysis. With so many options to choose from, it’s understandable that doing nothing at all seems like the easiest option. It’s also the worst. Below Jitan Solanki, Senior Trader at Learn to Trade, sheds light on your options for the year ahead.

So, where exactly should you invest your money this year? Read on to find out more about the pros and cons of different investments and make 2018 the year your money works harder.

ISAs

The beauty of cash ISAs is that you do not pay tax on the interest you earn. However, today, basic rate taxpayers can earn £1,000 in savings interest a year, and higher taxpayers can earn £500 – so ISAs are no longer quite as attractive.

Indeed, a standard ISA only offers one – two% interest per year. Even a stocks and shares ISA that can offer 13-14% per year typically incurs a 6p to every £1 charge. This eats away at margins and, when you factor in inflation – at its highest level for half a decade – not only is money not growing, it’s actually decreasing in value.

Cryptocurrency

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you will have seen the hype surrounding cryptocurrency, the decentralised virtual form of money that can be used to make purchases or be exchanged for other traditional and digital currencies. VeChain (VEN) is one of the hottest new cryptocurrencies around, having struck major deals with Renault, PwC and Fanghuwang, one of the fastest growing online lending platforms in China. Another that you may have heard of, Ripple, is also one to watch as it announced partnerships with American Express and Santander. When considering an investment in cryptocurrencies, the focus now has to be on identifying which coins offer the best technology and are most likely to be used by everyday people in the future – that will be where the value is.

Now that the hype around bitcoin has somewhat subsided, there are good opportunities for those with longer-term ambitions. However, cryptocurrencies are a highly speculative investment without government regulation so investors are warned to tread carefully. It remains to be seen how the crypto craze will play out, but whatever happens, ensure you research thoroughly before making any investments.

Stocks and Bonds

If you’re happy to tie up your money for a number of years, some of your investment options include: bonds, investing money into managed funds, and directly trading stocks, shares and commodities. A fixed rate bond with NS&I might be worth considering, if you’re willing to put away savings for three years, as it guarantees a 2.2% a year growth bond with no risk but is unfortunately taxable. Premium bonds, while not guaranteed, do offer savers the chance to win tax-free prizes between £25 and £1m.

In terms of stock, investment returns and risks for both types – common and preferred – vary depending on factors such as the economy, political scene and the company’s performance. In the short-term, this form of investment is volatile and choosing stocks requires substantial research. There are also a lot of hidden fees and a lack of transparency involved when buying and selling stocks. This said, we’d call out the Hang Seng 50 index as one market that remains a strong core focus for us. This has been on a radar for over a year now when new Shanghai Stock Exchange to Hong Kong Stock Exchange link launched. We continue to see outflows from mainland China into Hong Kong and continue to trade the trend.

Forex Trading

As it stands, by far the most lucrative choice – and one that manages the risk – is forex trading (the trading of currencies), turning over $5.3 trillion annually. Return on investment is typically four% per month on average, which equates to roughly a 60% increase on starting balance after one year.

The British Pound, which has benefitted greatly from open talks between UK and European ministers surrounding Brexit, and the Japanese Yen – weak due to changes in the Bank of Japan’s personnel and upcoming elections – are, currently, a highly effective pairing.

Though it’s hard to argue with the returns above, there is always risk involved. However, while trading does demand a disciplined mindset, as long as you stick to some simple rules you can largely mitigate risk and start to see consistent returns.

The best thing you can do this year is spend some time getting familiar with each of your investment options, understand the pros and cons of forex trading, ISAs, stocks and bonds, and new kid on the block, cryptocurrency, and make 2018 the year you see a return on your investment.

As you may already know, MiFID II is just around the corner and some firms are already well on their way to compliance, however others remain either oblivious, unprepared or facing the many challenges in establishing steps towards compliance. Here Fabrice Bouland, CEO of Alphametry, explains for Finance Monthly what some of these challenges may be and what lies ahead for firms, in particular dealing with the different approaches regulators are taking in respect to the implementation of investment research unbundling.

On 3^rd January 2018, new EU legislation comes into practice, part of which stipulates that investment research will have to be paid for separately. This marks an end to the historic model whereby much of it has appeared to be provided free of charge, or at least bundled in with other costs such as trading commission. Firms are now in a scrabble to the finish line as they put new processes in place and make decisions about how research will be sourced and paid for. Few, if any, are fully MiFID II-compliant and ready for January’s deadline. Yet as the clock ticks down, and daily stories emerge from buy and sell-side firms announcing their research pricing and budgeting plans, one fundamental question is often overlooked – how are asset managers and analysts determining the value of their research to ensure maximum value is generated from whatever approach they have decided upon.

Many asset managers have said they will be footing the bill for external research out of their own pockets. Most recently, BlackRock has joined the growing queue of firms which have decided to take this approach. Its announcement was quickly followed by a number of firms, including Schroders, Janus Henderson Investors, Union Investment and Invesco, backtracking on earlier decisions to pass research costs on to investors – all have now said they will be absorbing the costs themselves. Of course, bearing the cost internally will be much harder for smaller and mid-tier firms, many of which will have to reduce the volume and breadth of external research they have access too.

When it comes to pricing, we’ve seen some eye-wateringly high figures. Barclays outlined a system of tiered packages, starting at £30,000 for a ‘read only’ subscription to European research, rising to £350,000 for its ‘Gold’ package. The larger investment banks will, of course, charge more than their smaller rivals. Canaccord Genuity Group’s sell side unit in the UK released a figure of £75,000 a year for full access to the firm’s investment research and analysts, including dedicated sales and analyst calls and customised research requests. Similarly Alliance Bernstein LP’s is quoting firms around $150,000 a year for access to equity analyst reports and other services.

So what’s missing in this brief overview of the market and regulatory landscape? Better evaluation of research must undoubtedly play a role in how firms consume research in an unbundled world, especially for smaller managers with reduced budgets. Technology has a key role to play in accurately assessing and pricing investment research, as well as demonstrating full transparency in order to meet regulatory requirements. In many ways, this is a market crying out for innovation given that only 1% of research notes sent out are read by the buy-side, according to Quinlan & Associates.

In a digital, data-reliant world, traditional voting systems for research are slow and inaccurate. Evaluation must be bottom-up and data driven if firms are going to establish where reduced budgets need to be focused, and which providers deliver the best ROI. New research platform generation provide an opportunity for managers to better understand what they consume, as well as helping providers hone in on providing the most valuable and relevant content. There now exists a huge opportunity for asset managers to integrate innovative knowledge management solutions so that research can be targeted directly into the heart of firms’ investment process, giving them the best data from global sources, as well as supporting budgeting and payment decisions in a more detailed way

Clearly, there remains a lot to do over the next four months, and into 2018, to ensure firms are ready and compliant with MiFID II. The price discovery process continues to be very painful, not to mention the challenges asset managers face deciphering the varying nuances and interpretations of the legislation by different regulators, and how MiFID II will work globally.

Interactive Investor, the online investment platform, has recently released its clients’ most traded investments, by number of trades, in September 2017.

Commenting on the results, Lee Wild, Head of Equity Strategy at Interactive Investor, said: “It was all about inflation, interest rates and tapering during September, so little wonder central banks dominated proceedings. US Federal Reserve chair Janet Yellen, who’ll begin slowly winding down the Fed’s $4.5 trillion balance sheet this month, prepped markets for a rate hike in December then another three in 2018.  Not to be left out, Bank of England governor Mark Carney turned hawk as inflation hit 2.9%, confirming that a first increase in UK borrowing costs for over a decade just got a whole lot closer.

“The obvious benefits of higher interest rates had the British pound up as much as 5% against the dollar and at a post-EU referendum high. Rate rises are typically good news for the banking sector, with lenders quicker to raise borrowing costs than they are to offer better deals to savers. It may not be great for consumers, but an improvement in bank margins should feed through to shareholders by way of bigger profits and dividends.

“It’s why investors’ favourite Lloyds Banking Group rallied 6% in September and remained the most popular blue-chip stock on the Interactive Investor platform last month. Vodafone blasted back into the Top Five. Apple’s launch of the iPhone 8 should get the tills ringing, and the fastest growing broadband operator in Europe offers an irresistible dividend yield of over 6%.

“As one would expect, there was plenty of excitement on AIM. Online fashion retailer Boohoo.com is a member of AIM’s exclusive ten-bagger club, but the shares are hardly cheap, so tweaking margin guidance lower in its half-year results gave traders a scare. So did joint-CEO Carol Kane’s decision to sell £10.7 million of Boohoo shares in the aftermath.

“However, a 25% plunge in the share price always looked harsh given aggressive growth forecasts. It’s why trading volume more than tripled in September and buyers outnumbered sellers two-to-one.

More spectacular, however, was the explosion in activity at Frontera Resources. There are 13.4 billion shares in issue worth less than a penny each, but the £100 million company is no tiddler. Frontera’s liquidity, typified by tight spreads, volatility and an intriguing story make it a firm favourite among small-cap investors. At the beginning of September, the shares were worth just 0.1125p, but before the month was out it was 0.782p, an increase of 595%.

“There’s real excitement around Frontera’s Ud-2 well in Georgia because it sits in the Mtsare Khevi gas complex, where experts estimate a potential recoverable resource of 5.8 trillion cubic feet of gas. Following a series of progress reports, the number of trades on the Interactive Investor platform swelled twelvefold in September versus the previous month.”

Rebecca O’Keeffe, Head of Investment at Interactive Investor, adds: “Yet again, the big active funds of Fundsmith Equity, Woodford Income and Lindsell Train Global occupy the top three spots, with our investors continuing to prefer active management in the current environment. With currencies driving markets and sector moves more pronounced, there is greater potential for active managers to add value.

“Although the top three are all active, passive funds remain relatively popular and Vanguard 100 muscled its way back into the Top Five, knocking out Jupiter India in the process. Vanguard have taken over as the preferred option for many clients, with 15 Vanguard funds in the Top 100 most bought funds year-to-date. The compound effect of lower fees is significant and over the long term this can add tens of thousands to your portfolio value, making low-cost tracker funds highly attractive for investors.”

(Source: Interactive Investor)