It seems like every business is now charging a monthly subscription, but, if done right, that’s not always a bad thing.
By as early as next year more consumers will use apps on their smartphone than a computer to do their banking, according to forecasts.
It has also been predicted that 35 million people - or 72% of the UK adult population - will bank via a phone app by 2023.
Ian Bradbury, CTO Financial Services at Fujitsu comments: “This is a tipping point for the industry. Mobile is rapidly becoming the channel of choice, and it’s no surprise – it’s easy to use, with an emphasis on customer experience and convenience, and it’s with consumers wherever they go.
“However, the migration of banking onto mobile phones will certainly put more pressure on banks to up their security - more frequent mobile banking use, with devices which can be easily lost or stolen, means criminals can potentially do more damage to more people. This is where we will increasingly see banks use higher-grade biometric based solutions to secure banking apps and transactions, which phones are now beginning to incorporate.
“The experience customers have with their mobile banking app will also be crucial in retaining and attracting customers. With many organisations outside Banking setting a high standard of what good customer experience for mobile apps looks like, banks will have to bear in mind that a smooth customer journey for their app can be the next ‘make or break’ element.
“Looking forward, we can expect to see more and more use of voice to control Banking Apps, enabled by the use of AI enabled robotic assistants. Once again, it will be the customer experience that will be key in supporting the uptake of this channel.”
(Source: Fujitsu)
It is becoming clear that trade digitisation has huge potential to unlock access to world trade for small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The move away from laborious, manual, paper-based processes will lever simpler access to trade finance, now that it is being provided by more agile, technology-friendly alternative funding providers. Here Simon Streat, VP of Product Strategy at Bolero International, discusses the new wave of digital change and the drive it’s providing for SMEs worldwide.
Regulatory burden has meant that SMEs often don’t fulfil certain criteria for banks to justify lending to. The demands of anti-money laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC) rules, sanctions and other banking stipulations have been deemed too time-consuming and too costly to be worth the trouble where smaller exporters and importers are concerned. This is a significant blow, since by some estimates, more than 80% of world trade is funded by one form of credit or another. Until now, if your business was deemed too small to be worth considering for finance, there was hardly anywhere else to go.
The result has been deleterious to the prosperity of SMEs and detrimental to international trade. In 2016, the ICC Banking Commission’s report found that 58% of trade finance applications by SMEs were refused. This, as the authors pointed out, hampered growth, since as many as two out of every three jobs around the world are created by smaller businesses.
This rather depressing view was supported by a survey of more than 1000 decision-makers at UK SMEs which was conducted in February this year by international payments company WorldFirst. It found that the number of SMEs conducting international trade dropped to 26% in Q4 2017, compared with 52% at the end of 2016. Economic conditions and confidence have much to do with this, but so does access to trade finance.
There is a growing realisation, however, that if digitisation makes sense for corporates seeking big gains in speed of execution, transaction-visibility and faster access to finance and payment, it definitely will for SMEs. The ICC Banking Commission report of 2017 estimated that the elimination of paper from trade transactions could reduce compliance costs by 30%.
Over the past few years, for example a number of trade digitisation platforms have emerged offering innovative business models for supplying trade finance and liquidity, while optimising working capital, and enhancing processes for faster handling and cost savings. Progress is under way, but it requires expertise.
Fintechs in trade hubs such as Singapore, where there is huge emphasis on innovation, are taking the lead, transforming the availability and access to finance for SMEs. By making the necessary checks so much faster and easier and opening up direct contact with a greater range of banks, digital platforms enable customers to gain approval for financing of transactions that would otherwise be almost impossible. Not only that, they enjoy shorter transaction times and enhanced connectivity with their supply chain partners.
If we scan the horizon a little further we can also expect to see SMEs benefit from the influence of the open banking regulations, which require institutions to exchange data with authorised and trusted third parties in order to create new services that benefit customers.
Although the focus of these new regulations is primarily the retail banking sector, the tide of change will extend to trade finance, creating a far more sympathetic environment for the fintech companies and alternative funders. Yet the fintechs cannot do it alone, they need to be part of a network of networks that operates on the basis of established trust and digital efficiency.
No technology can work unless it is capable of satisfying the raw business need of bringing together buyers, sellers, the banks into transaction communities. That requires the building of confidence and the establishment of relationships, along with – very importantly – a real understanding of trade transactions and the processes of all involved. It also requires on-boarding and you can only achieve that once everyone knows a solution will deliver the efficiency gains it promises, as well as being totally reliable, secure and based on an enforceable legal framework. All this requires a level of expertise and insight that cannot simply be downloaded in a couple of clicks.
Nonetheless, it seems pretty obvious that thanks to digitisation, the market for SME financing in international trade is set for real expansion.
Contactless and online banking have pulled cash out of the pockets of most people, and while there are those that believe cash will always be a vital part of the international economy, there are some parts of the world that are borderline cashless. Below Shane Leahy, CEO of Tola Mobile, elves into the possibilities of cashless countries around the world.
With more digital payment options now readily available to consumers than ever before, the depreciation in use of traditional forms of payment, such as bank notes and the humble coin, has been inevitable. When we would once delve into our pockets for some cash, consumers today are now increasingly reaching for their mobile devices to complete purchases quickly and conveniently.
The rise of mobile payments technology over the last few years has played a particularly huge hand in enabling both merchants and customers worldwide to facilitate more cashless transactions. With the global mobile payment transaction market forecast to reach US$2.89 trillion in revenue by 2020, the rapid uptake of mobile-centric methods and the resulting shift towards a more cashless consumer culture is showing no signs of slowing.
Yet, not only have these technologies made fast digital payments accessible for smartphone owners in the more technologically advanced areas of the world; it has also empowered consumers in many emerging markets around the world to undertake instant and secure payments through their mobiles, without the need for physical cash or a registered bank accounts. In fact, it is these same developing regions in which we are now seeing the most widespread and advanced adoptions of mobile payment solutions, which are rapidly eliminating cash as a dominant form of payment amongst consumers within these markets.
One particular area of the world in which cashless payments have broken down many of the previous barriers to entry for both merchants and consumers is Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been demonstrating a rapid mass-market adoption of mobile money services of late and has so far outstripped the rest of the world in terms of its approach to cashless payments. So much so that it now accounts for more than half of the total 277 mobile money deployments worldwide.
One of the biggest driving forces behind this development has been mPesa, the mobile phone based money transfer service which now boasts over 30 million subscribers across various African countries, including Kenya, Congo, Tanzania, Mozambique and Ghana. Unlike apps such as Paypal and NFC-based mobile enabled credit card methods like Apple Pay and Samsung Pay which have been gaining traction in Western regions, the sheer simplicity of the technology required to conduct cashless payments across Africa has contributed to its growing uptake of mobile money options.
In contrast to these methods, which require users to invest in a modern and more expensive smartphones to utilise the technology, mobile money transactions across Africa can be carried out using the most basic handset and without needing an internet or data connection. By leveraging a low-level service menu provided on every GSM phone, this technology is widely accessible and therefore able to support the region’s current technological infrastructure.
What’s more, services such as Apple Pay and Paypal still also require users to link a bank account in order to complete mobile payments, making these methods largely inaccessible for the millions of unbanked consumers in developing regions. These factors also have an impact on merchants as they will have to pay more to process transactions conducted through a linked bank account, than they would if it was made directly through a physical credit or debit card.
With this and the growing preference towards cashless payment methods globally combined, it is unsurprising that the rate at which Sub-Saharan Africa is adopting mobile money is much faster than that of any other region. At the end of 2016, there were over 500m registered mobile money accounts in the region alone, a figure which has undoubtedly now significantly increased.
The establishment of mobile money across Sub-Saharan Africa is now giving much of its previously unbanked population unprecedented levels of financial inclusion and freedom to make purchases anywhere, at any time, a move which has undoubtedly played a significant role in the growth of cashless transactions and gradual decline in other payment methods. What’s more, these services have significantly reduced the concerns over carrying physical cash for consumers within these countries and have replaced them with a simple and secure means for them to instantly access funds and pay for goods and services.
Not only has this rise in mobile money use facilitated an increase in consumer empowerment; it has also paved way for merchants who have previously combatted against the region’s developing infrastructure, in which periods of downtime and network outages cause huge disruption and can often lead to lost funds when payments are made via credit cards. By ensuring a seamless and instant digital transfer of funds from customers to the merchants, the appeal of cashless options has increased dramatically, providing merchants with more business continuity and offering these countries an opportunity to drive economic growth.
While there is still some way to go before cash is rendered expendable globally, there are various countries Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Kenya and Tanzania which are currently leading the way in terms of changing consumer behaviour and quickly adopting a cashless approach. For now, cash still remains king across most Western and other countries. However, as consumers continue to seek convenience and security, it is certain that we will see a growing shift towards digital payment methods and a continued demise of physical cash worldwide.
The Biometrics Institute predicts that the development of biometrics over the next five years will shift towards online identity verification, government mobile applications, online payments, e-commerce, and healthcare.
Biometrics has been viewed as a secure method for financial transactions and security in many walks of life, with fingerprints used for clocking in at work or verification for contactless payments, but the institute’s research suggests there are further user cases set to emerge in the coming years.
And, it comes as no surprise for those studying the market closely. The global technology powerhouses, such as Microsoft, Apple and Samsung, are strong proponents of using biometric identification for PC, laptop or mobile access purposes and, as consumers get used to this way of engaging with tech, it naturally paves the way for fingerprints and iris scanning in payments.
The case for businesses and consumers
Various technology companies and card schemes argue it’s a secure way of paying, and with the likes of Apple Pay, Android Pay and Samsung Pay mobile payment solutions already using biometrics as part of their authentication process, there could be calls for more to come.
Companies like Starbucks utilise mobile payment providers like Apple Pay within their apps, meaning with the tap of a thumbprint money can move from bank account to Starbucks account, and subsequently be used at the point of sale. The simplicity of it continues to strike a chord with consumers, as the coffee chain’s latest figures show its Starbucks Mobile Order and Pay service represented 12% of US company-operated transactions in the three months to 1 April 2018.
Then there’s the Amazon Go effect to consider. As the online titan looks set to add more checkout-less physical stores to its inaugural offering in Seattle, enabling frictionless transactions without the need for shoppers to queue or visit a fixed cash desk or till, it will shape consumer expectations.
If this momentum continues and Amazon drives sales through these stores, you can imagine strong arguments from consumers for further installations of this type of technology in convenience retail – and one way of supporting speedy and secure transactions is through use of biometric identity.
Finger, face or eye scanning are all seen by industry analysts as ways to improve the authentication phase of payments for the consumer, while helping tackle growing fraud levels in retail and hospitality, and protecting customer information.
But biometric scanning isn’t fool-proof and can only be part of the identity solution, especially when being used to authenticate higher values purchases, for instance.
This means business considering adopting body-scanning payment methods need to be mindful of the trade-off between security and user-experience – and this requires a fine balance between how many false positives and false negatives are allowed in order to process a payment. Too many false positives pose a security risk but, at the same time, too many false negatives could lead to a legitimate shopper not being able to authenticate a payment, resulting in poor customer experience and possible purchase abandonment.
A balance that provides the right level of convenience but mitigates against the risk of misauthentication will be key to successful biometrics payments solutions.
Choice trumps any individual payment type
At any trade show we attend the clear message is there’s no silver bullet when it comes to retail or payment technology.
Whether it’s mobile payment, buy-now-pay-later schemes, card and cash payment, crypto-currencies – or anything using biometrics in some way – they key for retailers is to know what their customers want and offer the relevant payment options. Businesses need to be sure that having helped navigate a customer to the all-important point of purchase they don’t lose them because they don’t offer the most suitable method of payment.
Therefore, retailers should be investigating biometrics usage as part of their suite of payment options, because the most forward-thinking organisations know they need to provide choice at the checkout.
Mobile support
It is clear mobile is very much at the heart of a lot of the innovation going on in the payment space, playing a fundamental supporting role for many of the new transactional options.
With Deloitte predicting that, by the end of 2023, 90% of adults in developed countries will have a smartphone, it’s obvious why tech companies and innovators in the payments space are targeting that piece of metal that sits in our pockets as a platform for their new solutions.
In the last 18 months the conversation in the financial world may have veered towards crypto-currencies and open banking, but before it becomes clear what impact these or, indeed, biometrics have on the overall landscape, we can be near-on certain that mobile will be central to it all.
As for the evolution of biometrics, fingerprints are already playing a key role in mobile payments processing, but in the future this could be usurped as the most dominant form of biometric payment.
Delving deeper into the Biometrics Institute research it appears facial recognition dominates as the biometric most likely to rise in popularity for businesses over the next few years. That is closely followed by a multimodal – a combination of two or more biometric forms – and then iris.
It’s certainly worth keeping an eye on how this all impacts retail payments in the not-too-distant future.
John Cooke is Founder and MD of Black Pepper Software, an agile software development company specialising in the financial services sector.
Whenever we think about new technology we certainly are not exactly comfortable with it. We view and look at it with suspicion and believe that status quo is the best. One such technology which is taking the world now by storm is known as artificial intelligence or AI. Hence it would be interesting to know more about it over the next few lines. It is now being selectively used and it will not be long before it is used in other areas. It certainly will make a big difference to any small, medium or big business and help to move it from one level of success to another.
(Source: www.websitesthatsell.com.au)
Most conversations about doing business in Africa will include words such as “challenges,” “instability” and “risk.” Nat Davison, Partner at foreign exchange and international payments firm, Frontierpay, explains for Finance Monthly the promises and pitfalls behind payments across the African continent.
The same three words are often applied to managing currency risk and making payments throughout Africa. Costly transmission fees, unestablished banking systems, central bank restrictions and market volatility are all obstacles keeping treasury managers and payroll teams up at night.
That said, Africa also has a lot to offer from a payments perspective. The continent is becoming a hub of new payments technology, same-day payments are possible in countries such as Nigeria and there is a booming mobile payments landscape.
In short, while there is some volatility, if payroll teams are aware of the potential pitfalls and how best to avoid them, there are plenty of rewards to be reaped in the continent.
Finding the right supplier
When looking at currency markets, risk is a constant. Before even considering how currency fluctuations could affect your business though, you first need to gain access to any of Africa’s local currencies; a process which isn’t always as straightforward as it might sound.
In an ideal world, a single supplier would be able to meet most, if not all, of a business’ currency requirements. The reality though, is that many high street banks have a limited or restricted offering and are unable to provide a solution that covers multiple African nations. It’s important, therefore, when preparing to do business in the continent, to find a partner who can cover as many currencies as possible. Not only will this help to smooth internal processes, but it will also enable more effective currency hedging.
Companies often try to get around liquidity limitations in Africa by making payments in US dollars instead. The problem in doing so is that unless the beneficiary bank account is denominated in USD, the payment will be converted to the local currency before crediting at an arbitrary and more than likely unfavourable rate of exchange. Furthermore, it’s impossible to pay a supplier or employee a fixed amount using this system.
Currency volatility
Markets can be fickle beasts and to use even a commonly traded currency such as the South African rand can require a thick skin and heightened awareness of risk. Last year, the currency dropped 7.5% in the last four days of March, only to rise by the same amount in a nine-day stretch in April. Shifts of this nature are more than capable of affecting your payment costs and can hit with little warning.
On the flip-side, anyone with the nerve to have played the rand over the long term will have seen a downward slide of more than 50% in its value between 2011 and 2015, only for it to rise by 13% in 2016 and outperform every EM currency except Brazil’s real and Russia’s rouble.
To remove a degree of the uncertainty from trading the rand, I would advise anyone who hopes to do business with South Africa to have an understanding of the carry trade; a strategy that involves borrowing a currency with a low interest rate in order to fund the purchase of another with a higher rate.
Payment risk
As a result of the combined political and currency volatility in the region, knowledge and experience of South Africa’s local markets are key to successfully negotiating the pitfalls that could cost you time and money.
Where possible, work with partners who can demonstrate a strong track record and broad network within the region, to speed up the delivery of payments and avoid overblown fees. Some banks and payment partners may be able to deliver funds to Nigeria, for example, but not all will have access to local banking systems. Having this capability would open up the possibility of naira crediting bank accounts within hours rather than days.
Pricing is affected in the same way. A deeper knowledge of local market conditions, parallel markets and FX volatility will allow you access to much more favourable currency rates and the most efficient processes available within the rapidly developing continent.
Banking requirements are also fluid, with differing beneficiary data needed in different countries – in stark contrast with the EU and Single European Payment Area. Specialist experience when it comes to making payments in less-developed regions, such as Mozambique or Lesotho, will help to avoid lengthy delays, payment rejections and administration charges.
Volatility in Chinese economy
Africa’s prosperity increasingly depends on China. Over the past 20 years, China has become its largest trading partner and a significant source of investment and lending, paving the way for deep economic ties between the two countries.
As a result, recent signs of a slowdown in the Chinese economy are likely to be a very bad omen for Africa, which is massively dependent on China to not only purchase its natural resources, but also to upgrade its decaying national infrastructure.
Ultimately, a slowing China will hinder Africa’s ability to grow. However, as a decelerated China is looking ever more like an inevitability than a possibility, any business with exposure to Africa must ensure they are monitoring the landscape in China just as closely.
In conclusion
As a market to do business in, Africa is gathering global interest. Widespread urbanisation is fostering large cities in which to set up shop and readily available workforces to recruit from. New consumer markets, such as a growing middle class, are presenting previously untold opportunities to trade and the region is seeing strong growth, both economically and from a perspective of technological innovation.
However, for any new business, success on the currency and payments front needs to be an immediate concern. Failure to manage currency risk can fundamentally jeopardise your business, while holes in your liquidity provision may even leave you unable to pay suppliers or employees. Familiarise yourself with your required currencies and the local banking infrastructure, and invest time in finding a partner with the knowledge to keep any potential risk under control.
There's no doubt that these are strange times in the digital age. Whilst the advent of technological innovation has made it easier than ever for individuals to access products and launch businesses, for example, stagnant economic growth and global, geopolitical tumult has prevented some from maximising the opportunities at their disposal.
Make no mistake; however, the so-called “Internet of Value” has the potential to change this and create a genuine equilibrium in the financial and economic space. In this article, we'll explore this concept in further detail and ask how this will impact on consumers and businesses alike.
So what is the internet of value and how will it change things?
In simple terms, the Internet of Value refers to an online space in which individuals can instantly transfer value between each other, negating the need for middleman and eliminating all third-party costs. In theory, anything that holds monetary or social value can be transferred between parties, including currency, property shares and even a vote in an election.
From a technical perspective, the Internet of Value is underpinned by blockchain, which is the evolutionary technology that currently supports digital currency. This technology has already disrupted businesses in the financial services and entertainment sectors, while it is now evolving to impact on industries such as real estate and e-commerce.
What impact will the Internet of Value on the markets that its disrupts?
In short, it will create a more even playing field between brands, consumers and financial lenders, as even high value transactions will no longer have to pass through costly, third-party intermediaries to secure validation. This is because blockchain serves as a transparent and decentralised ledger, which is not managed by a single authority and accessible to all.
This allows for instant transactions of value, while it also negates the impact of third-party and intermediary costs.
What will this mean for customers and businesses?
From a consumer perspective, the Internet of Value represents the next iteration of the digital age and has the potential to minimise the power of banks, financial lenders and large corporations. In the financial services sector, the Internet of value will build on the foundations laid in the wake of the great recession, when accessible, short-term lenders filled the financing void that was left after banks choose to tighten their criteria.
Businesses and service providers will most likely view the Internet of Value in a different light, however, as this evolution provides significant challenges in terms of optimising profit margins and retaining their existing market share. After all, it's fair to surmise that some service providers (think of brokers, for example) would become increasingly irrelevant in the age of blockchain, while intermediaries that did survive would need to seek out new revenue streams.
The precise impact of the Internet of Value has yet to be seen, of course, but there's no doubt that this evolution will shake up numerous industries and marketplaces in the longer-term.
Like the digitisation of all things, challenges will be faced and there are benefits to reap, but often such progress doesn’t take place because the correlation between the two isn’t a positive or favourable one. Below Gemma Young, CEO and Co-Founder of Settled, discusses with Finance Monthly the future of digital in the property sector.
Property is our most important asset class, it's also our most emotional asset. Therefore, getting our home sale or purchase right is not just a big deal for consumers, it's a big deal for the wider UK economy.
Unlike other industries (travel, music, taxi services to name but a few), the real estate model has clung to its traditional roots. Even with the advent of “online” estate agents now in existence for the majority of this past decade, the industry has been slow to adopt the opportunities a digital revolution presents. It’s therefore unsurprising that we're still seeing the same issues; typical property transactions take over 3 months with 1 in 3 transactions breaking. This drives consumer losses in excess of £250m each year.
Looking forward, is 2018 going to be the year for true transformation? Will ‘proper’ property technology companies make a dent in the things that matter?
What drives transformation?
Technology
The emergence of truly disruptive technologies including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, blockchain and drones all hold their potential disruptive keys to a more progressive future. Not only are technologies proliferating, consumers also have easy access to them from their smartphones.
Empowered individuals
Tech-enabled consumers search for greater transparency, more control and ultimately more progressive solutions to age-old problems. Their quests for modern, digital solutions provide exciting opportunities for change.
Investment
2017 saw the most significant investment in ‘proper’ proptech to date, with a new and forward-focused collective attracting financial backing from VCs and traditional property players.
Regulation
Central and regulatory initiatives represent a particularly exciting shift. The latest Government call for evidence “Improving the home buying and selling process” and the HM Land Registry’s Digital Street scheme look towards a future where technology (including blockchain) will make the transfer of property ownership much more fluid. Such initiatives shine a light on the underlying problems apparent in the UK property market and signal a commitment to a more open and less guarded future.
How does this future look?
As we see this convergence in consumer, regulatory and technology worlds, this more futuristic property market is well within reach. So who wins? The opportunity to embrace and adopt new technology is open to all, however, historically, traditional incumbents have been slow to move in many sectors. They, therefore, get left behind or quite simply, left out. We don’t have to look far to see examples; Blockbuster and HMV are businesses which didn’t, in time, connect to the opportunities of the next generation. As a result, nimble and forward-focused entrants Netflix and Spotify won the respective leading positions in the new world. Much like in the movie and music sectors, forward-focused businesses tend to win in other worlds.
Settled.co.uk is one example of a real estate business that is connecting across these converging elements at quite a unique time in real estate history. Settled’s unique technology has significantly increased the likelihood of completing on a home and has cut the time it takes to sell and buy in half. It presents the hope that, in the future, its technology will enable people to buy and sell properties in moments, not months. This is the kind transformation this sector needs.
As you likely already know, China’s e-commerce sector is the biggest in the world right now. Below Finance Monthly speaks to Ronnie D’Arienzo, Chief Sales Officer, PPRO Group, who lists some ways we can all learn from China’s excellent performance in this sphere.
A few weeks back China’s 1.3 billion population celebrated Chinese New Year and the start of the Year of the Dog. The celebrations lasted for sixteen days, starting on New Year’s Eve (15th Feb) to the Lantern Festival on March 2nd. Preparation for the New Year celebrations is known as a ‘shopping boom time’. Many transactions will be completed this week in preparation for the two weeks of celebrations. Interestingly, the majority of these transactions will be completed using local payment methods, specifically e-wallets such as WeChat Pay and Alipay.
The Chinese e-commerce market is booming; research from PPRO Group found the market is worth a staggering $865 billion with growth rates higher than - the total UK e-commerce market. So how can UK businesses take advantage from China’s healthy ecommerce market? PPRO Group has pulled together seven considerations for UK retailers, when looking to attract the attention of the Chinese consumer.
- Each year, Chinese e-commerce grows by more than the total amount of the entire UK e-commerce market
In 2018, Chinese e-commerce will grow by $233.5 billion. That’s $30 billion more than the total value of all goods bought online in the UK.
- Chinese online shoppers spend $208 billion a year using credit cards which UK retailers don’t accept
96% of Chinese credit cards are issued by local schemes and only 4% of all online transactions in China are made using international credit cards, such as Mastercard and Visa. If retailers don’t support local schemes, they’re cut out of a $200 billion market.
- Don’t miss out on $650 billion of online spend using alternative payment methods
Every year, Chinese consumers buy $650 billion worth of goods using local bank transfer apps, e-wallets, cash-on-delivery services and other locally preferred payment methods.
- Every year, Chinese online shoppers spend over $100 billion just on clothes
Fashion is the most popular item for Chinese online shoppers. Each year, Chinese online clothing sales are worth more than the entire UK fashion industry.
- One Chinese e-wallet has more users than there are people in the EU
The Chinese e-wallet WeChat Pay has 980 million users compared to 500 million people in the whole of the EU. In 2017 alone, WeChat Pay was used by Chinese consumers at an average rate of 1 million transactions per minute.
- M-commerce in China is worth $173 billion
Every year, the Chinese spend almost $200 billion from their mobile phones. And with China spending $400 billion on 5G, the number of mobile users is set to rocket in the coming years.
- 40% of all global e-commerce sales are made in China
The Chinese share of all global retail sales is around 30%, but for e-commerce sales, it’s 40%. And that number will grow as more people come online.
Want to sell to the world? Start with China.
Why be content with almost $2 billion when your net worth can be multiples more simply by moving your company from one stock exchange to another?
Cashless payments and the plight of cash in society has been something of a subject over the past few years, but a conversation many aren’t having is that of financial exclusion; something that has happened in the past is likely set to happen again. Below Jack Ehlers, Director of Payments Partnerships at PPRO Group, delves into the details.
In 2016, according to a report just published by the European Central Bank (ECB), EU citizens made €123 billion worth of what the ECB calls ‘peer-to-peer’ cash payments. That’s just another way of describing the money grandparents tuck inside birthday cards, donations to charity, payments to street vendors and the hundreds of other small cash transactions people make all the time.
But even as cash remains central to the economy, cashless payment methods become more common with each year. The use of e-wallets such as Apple Pay and Samsung Pay is predicted to double to more than 16 million users by 2020. Overwhelmingly, the rise of the cashless society is a good thing. It promises greater convenience, lower risk, and improvements in the state’s ability to clamp down on practices such as tax avoidance and money laundering.
But what about those micro-payments? And even more importantly, what happens to the estimated 40 million Europeans who are outside the banking mainstream? These are the EU’s most vulnerable citizens and they have little or no access to digital payment methods.
If we don’t plan properly, the transition to a largely cashless future could see the re-emergence of financial exclusion, which we thought had been vanquished. In Western societies. Ajay Banga, CEO of Mastercard, has talked of the danger that in the future we’ll see “islands” of the unbanked develop, in which those shut out of the now almost entirely digitised economy are left able to trade only with each other.
But are we really going cashless any time soon?
The ECB report quoted above, also found that cash is still used in almost 79% of transactions. So, do we really need to worry about what will happen when we finally ditch notes for digital payments? Yes and no.
Even though contact payments are on the rise, the demand for cash is also growing. A recent study found that the value of euro banknotes in circulation has increased by 4.9% over the last five years. Given the historically low rate of inflation over the past few years, this would seem to be largely due to a cultural preference for cash. Low interest rates could also be encouraging Europeans to spend rather than save. But whatever the reason, cash isn’t going away soon.
But that doesn’t mean we can relax. Some markets are already much closer to going cashless than the European average would suggest. In Sweden, consumers already pay for 80% of transactions using something other than cash. In the Netherlands, that figure is 55%, in Finland 46% and in Belgium 37% [1]. Today, Britons use digital payments in 60% of all transactions. By 2027, that number is expected to rise to 79%. Already, 33% of UK citizens rarely, if ever, use cash.
Unless we take this challenge seriously, we risk stumbling into a situation in which the majority in these countries use cash-free payments most of the time, even if they still use cash in minor transactions. In such cases, there is the danger of many shops and services no longer accepting cash, leaving those who still rely on it stuck in the economic slow lane.
For most people, cashless payments can offer easier and faster payments, greater security, and improved access to a wider range of goods and services. But to maximise the benefits and reduce the downside, including those for strong personal privacy, we need to start thinking now about how we can manage the transition in a way that minimises the risk of financial exclusion for already marginal groups in society.
Charities and mobile payments show the way
The rise of digital payments does not have to mean the growth of financial exclusion. It is possible to create an affordable payments-infrastructure for small traders, churches, and charity shops — and, even more importantly, for economically marginal consumers.
In the UK, charities are leading the way. After noticing that donations were tailing off, the NSPCC and Oxfam sent out one hundred volunteers with contactless point-of-sale devices, instead of charity collection tins. The rate of donations trebled. The success of the NSPCC trial shows that it is possible to roll out the supporting infrastructure for cashless payments even to individual charity collectors on the street.
But that’s only half the story. While charities and shops — even small independent retailers — may be able to afford and install point-of-sale systems to accept micro-payments, normal citizens cannot. Here, mobile payments may be the answer.
The example of the Kenyan M-Pesa, a system which allows payments to be made via SMS, shows that it is possible to create an accessible, widely available and used mobile payment system that does not rely on the consumer owning an expensive, latest-model smartphone. Already, 17.6 million Kenyans use M-Pesa to make payments of anything from $1 to almost $500 in a single transaction.
An inclusive cashless future—in which mobile e-wallets and other contactless forms of payment dominate—is possible. But it won’t happen by itself. As an industry and a society, we need to plan and work towards it: starting today. The stakes for many businesses and some of the most vulnerable people in our society couldn’t be higher.
